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SpringBoot - 启动流程分析

从SpringApplication.run();开始:

/**
 * Static helper that can be used to run a {@link 
 * SpringApplication} from the
 * specified source using default settings.
 * @param source the source to load
 * @param args the application arguments (usually 
 * passed from a Java main method)
 * @return the running {@link ApplicationContext}
 */
public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Object source, String... args) {
    return run(new Object[] { source }, args);
}```

进入重构run()方法

/**

  • Static helper that can be used to run a {@link
  • SpringApplication} from the
  • specified sources using default settings and
  • user supplied arguments.
  • @param sources the sources to load
  • @param args the application arguments (usually
  • passed from a Java main method)
  • @return the running {@link ApplicationContext}
    */
    public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Object[] sources, String[] args) {
    return new SpringApplication(sources).run(args);
    }```

从这里可以看到首先创建了一个SpringApplication实例,然后在调用的其run()方法。首先我们先去创建实例这一流程:


/**
 * Create a new {@link SpringApplication} 
 * instance. The application context will load
 * beans from the specified sources (see {@link 
 * SpringApplication class-level}
 * documentation for details. The instance can be 
 * customized before calling
 * {@link #run(String...)}.
 * @param sources the bean sources
 * @see #run(Object, String[])
 * @see #SpringApplication(ResourceLoader, 
 * Object...)
 */
public SpringApplication(Object... sources) {
    initialize(sources);
}```

可以看到其调用了initialize()方法

@SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })

private void initialize(Object[] sources) {
if (sources != null && sources.length > 0) {
this.sources.addAll(Arrays.asList(sources));
}
this.webEnvironment = deduceWebEnvironment();
setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(
ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));
this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass();
}```

从面的代码可以看到初始化过程做了以下几件事情
this.webEnvironment = deduceWebEnvironment();
这一个方法决定创建的是一个WEB应用还是一个SPRING的标准Standalone应用。如果入方法可以看到其是怎么判断的:


private boolean deduceWebEnvironment() {
    for (String className : WEB_ENVIRONMENT_CLASSES) {
        if (!ClassUtils.isPresent(className, null)) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}```

可以看到是根据org.springframework.util.ClassUtils的静态方法去判断classpath里面是否有WEB\_ENVIRONMENT\_CLASSES包含的类,如果有都包含则返回true则表示启动一个WEB应用,否则返回false启动一个标准Spring的应用。然后通过代码:

private static final String[] WEB_ENVIRONMENT_CLASSES =

  { "javax.servlet.Servlet",
	"org.springframework.web.context.ConfigurableWebApplicationContext" };```

可以看到是否启动一个WEB应用就是取决于classpath下是否有javax.servlet.Servlet和
org.springframework.web.context.ConfigurableWebApplicationContext。然后进入下一个阶段:


setInitializers((Collection)  getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationContextInitializer.class));

这个方法则是初始化classpath下的所有的可用的ApplicationContextInitializer


setListeners((Collection)  getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));

这个方法则是初使化classpath下的所有的可用的ApplicationListener


this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass();

private Class<?> deduceMainApplicationClass() {
    try {
        StackTraceElement[] stackTrace = new RuntimeException().getStackTrace();
        for (StackTraceElement stackTraceElement : stackTrace) {
            if ("main".equals(stackTraceElement.getMethodName())) {
                return Class.forName(stackTraceElement.getClassName());
            }
        }
    }
    catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
        // Swallow and continue
    }
    return null;
}```

最后找出main方法的全类名并返回其实例并设置到SpringApplication的this.mainApplicationClass完成初始化。然后调用SpringApplication实例的run方法来启动应用,代码如下:

/**

  • Run the Spring application, creating and
  • refreshing a new
  • {@link ApplicationContext}.
  • @param args the application arguments (usually
  • passed from a Java main method)
  • @return a running {@link ApplicationContext}
    */
    public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
    StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
    stopWatch.start();
    ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
    configureHeadlessProperty();
    SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
    listeners.started();
    try {
    ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
    args);
    ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
    applicationArguments);
    Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
    context = createApplicationContext();
    prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
    printedBanner);
    refreshContext(context);
    afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
    listeners.finished(context, null);
    stopWatch.stop();
    if (this.logStartupInfo) {
    new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
    .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
    }
    return context;
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
    handleRunFailure(context, listeners, ex);
    throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
    }
    }```

由于过程比较长,则把详细说明放入下一篇博客进行说明,这里只做简要的过程说明run()方法的代码中:蓝色部分为加载SpringApplicationRunListener对整个容器的初始化过程进行监听,这里先不做解释,然后先观察剩下的几行的代码:


ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args); ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments); Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment); context = createApplicationContext(); prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner); refreshContext(context); afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);

首先是获取启动时传入参数args并初始化为ApplicationArguments对象
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);取这里传入值。
然后配置SpringBoot应用的环境:


ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments);

下面的则打印标志这个方法不说明,因为没有什么实质性作用,反应到控制台则是以下的效果如果确实想玩玩修改一下标志,那可以在项目的classpath下新建一个banner.txt文件,把想打印到控制台的数据放到文件中即可。比如:
src/main/resources/banner.txt中加入以下内容:

_ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _____ _ _ ___ | | | | | | | | \ \ / / | | | | | | | | | | / | | | | | | | | | \ \/ / | | | | | | | | | | / /| | | | | | | | | | } { | | | | | | _ | | | | / / | | | | | | | || | / /\ \ | || | | |__ | || | | | / / | | |_____| || \/ // \\ \/ || \/ || // |_|

那么启动的时候就可以看到些标识。
然后下面代码就是比较核心的:


context = createApplicationContext(); prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner); refreshContext(context); afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);

首先是createApplicationContext()方法:


/**

 * Strategy method used to create the {@link 
 * ApplicationContext}. By default this
 * method will respect any explicitly set 
 * application context or application context
 * class before falling back to a suitable 
 * default.
 * @return the application context (not yet 
 * refreshed)
 * @see #setApplicationContextClass(Class)
 */
protected ConfigurableApplicationContext createApplicationContext() {
    Class<?> contextClass = this.applicationContextClass;
    if (contextClass == null) {
        try {
            contextClass = Class.forName(this.webEnvironment
                    ? DEFAULT_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS : DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS);
        }
        catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                    "Unable create a default ApplicationContext, "
                            + "please specify an ApplicationContextClass",
                    ex);
        }
    }
    return (ConfigurableApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiate(contextClass);
}```

可以看出根据这前初始化过程初始化的this.webEnvironment来决定初始化一个什么容器。如果classpath下是否有javax.servlet.Servlet和  
org.springframework.web.context.ConfigurableWebApplicationContext类,  
则使用DEFAULT\_WEB\_CONTEXT\_CLASS初始化容器,如果不存在则用DEFAULT\_CONTEXT_CLASS初始化容器。

public static final String DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS = "org.springframework.context."

        + "annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext";

/**
 * The class name of application context that 
 * will be used by default for web
 * environments.
 */
public static final String DEFAULT_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS = "org.springframework."
        + "boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext";```

以上是代码指定了容器的类名,最后通过Spring的工具类初始化容器类bean
BeanUtils.instantiate(contextClass);
完成容器的创建工作。然后执行以下的几个步骤完成整个容器的创建与启动以及bean的注入功能。


prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);

以下这一句代码是实现spring-boot-starter-*的自动化配置的关键。包括spring.factories的加载以及自动化配置类的加载以及注入容器的功能可以参考《SpringBoot-自动配置源码解析


refreshContext(context); afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);

至此通过SpringBoot启动的容器已经构造完成。这里忽略了启动流程中的收集各种Listener,创建Environment及Environment的初始化的因为这些地方都是SpringBoot提供的各种扩展点,后面的博客会详细的说明各个扩展点的用处以及扩展的方式。

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