The Linux Common Command Line

Reference

1. TLCL
2. linux命令大全

Command

shell

• date : show time
• cal : show calander
• df : show amount of free space on disk
• free : show free memory
• ctrl-alt-f2 : virtual terminal no gui
• ctrl-alt-f1 : gui

file system

• pwd : print current working directory
• cd : change directory
• ls : list current directory
• cd - : changes to previrous directory
• cd ~ : chanage to home

operation system

• file : determine file type
• less : browser file content
• more : browser file content
• head : browser file content
• tail : browser file content
• ln : create a link to file

Using Commands

• type : indicate how to command name is interpreted
• which : display which executable program will be excute
• man : display a command's manual page
• apropos : display a list of appropriate commands
• info : display a command's info entry
• whatis : display a very breif description of command
• alias : creae an alias for a command

I/O Redirection

• cat : concatenate files and print on the standard output
• sort : sort lines of text files
• uniq : report or omit repeated lines
• grep : print lines matching a pattern
• wc : print newline, word, and byte counts for each file
• head : output the first part of files
• tail : output the last part of files
• tee : read from standard input and write to standard ...
• '>' : redirect the output
• '>>' : append content
• '2>' : redirect the error output usage : > ls-output.txt 2>&1 or &>
• '|' : pipe
• 将文件流操作称作标准输入、输出和错误，shell 内部分别将其称为文件描述符0、1和2
• echo : display a line of text
• clear : clear the screen
• history : display the contents of the history list

Bash Editor

History Command

Permission

• id – Display user identity
• chmod – Change a file’s mode
• umask – Set the default file permissions
• su – Run a shell as another user
• sudo – Execute a command as another user
• chown – Change a file’s owner
• chgrp – Change a file’s group ownership
• passwd – Change a user’s password

Process

• ps – Report a snapshot of current processes
• top – Display tasks
• jobs – List active jobs
• bg – Place a job in the background
• fg – Place a job in the foreground
• kill – Send a signal to a process
• killall – Kill processes by name
• shutdown – Shutdown or reboot the system

Shell Environment

• printenv – Print part or all of the environment
• set – Set shell options
• export – Export environment to subsequently executed programs
• alias – Create an alias for a command

File Location

• locate – Find files by name
• find – Search for files in a directory hierarchy
• touch – Change file times

Archival Backup

• gzip – Compress or expand files
• bzip2 – A block sorting file compressor
• tar – Tape archiving utility
• zip – Package and compress files
• rsync – Remote file and directory synchronization

Storage Devices

• mount – Mount a file system
• umount – Unmount a file system
• fsck – Check and repair a file system
• fdisk – Partition table manipulator
• mkfs – Create a file system
• fdformat – Format a floppy disk
• dd – Write block oriented data directly to a device
• genisoimage (mkisofs) – Create an ISO 9660 image file
• wodim (cdrecord) – Write data to optical storage media
• md5sum – Calculate an MD5 checksum

Networking

• ping - Send an ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
• traceroute - Print the route packets trace to a network host
• netstat - Print network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships
• netstat - 打印网络连接，路由表，接口统计数据，伪装连接，和多路广播成员
• ftp - Internet file transfer program
• wget - Non-interactive network downloader
• ssh - OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program)

Build

• make

Format Output

• nl – Number lines
• fold – Wrap each line to a specified length
• fmt – A simple text formatter
• pr – Prepare text for printing
• printf – Format and print data
• groff – A document formatting system

Sed

• http://linux.51yip.com/search/sed

• 用法: sed [选项]... {脚本(如果没有其他脚本)} [输入文件]...

• 测试 文件：awk.txt

  • 例a,这个例子，把test文件中的root替换成jasonhaven，只不过只替换一次及终止在这一行的操作，转到下一行

     sed 's/root/jasonhaven/' awk.txt
    

  • 例b,这个例子，用tankzhang把文件test中的root全部替换掉，请注意g这个字母，global的缩写

    sed 's/root/tankzhang/g' awk.txt |grep zhang
    

  • 例c,加了-n p后表示只打印那些发生替换的行（部分替换），上面的例子，我并没有加上grep

    # sed -n 's/root/tankzhang/p' awk.txt
    

  • 例e,在第二行，到第八行之间，替换以zhang开头的行，用ying来替换，并显示替换的行

    cat awk.txt |sed -ne '2,8s/^zhang/ying/gp'
    

Awk

• http://linux.51yip.com/search/awk

• 用法：awk [POSIX 或 GNU 风格选项] -f 脚本文件 [--] 文件 ...

• 用法：awk [POSIX 或 GNU 风格选项][--] '程序' 文件 ...

• 测试 文件 ： awk.txt

  • awk -F: '{mat=match($1,/^[a-zA-Z]+$/);print mat,RSTART,RLENGTH}' test
    

  • awk '{print NR;print FNR;print $0;}' test 
    

  • shuf test
    

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